{"id":120702,"date":"2012-06-12T14:38:52","date_gmt":"2012-06-12T14:38:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/transinfo.pl\/x\/infotram\/pantograf-tramwajowy\/"},"modified":"2012-06-12T14:38:52","modified_gmt":"2012-06-12T14:38:52","slug":"pantograf-tramwajowy","status":"publish","type":"infotram","link":"https:\/\/transinfo.pl\/x\/infotram\/pantograf-tramwajowy\/","title":{"rendered":"Pantograf tramwajowy"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>Pantograf jest charakterystycznym elementem tramwaju. Jego zadaniem jest odbi&oacute;r pr\u0105du elektrycznego z przewodu jezdnego sieci trakcyjnej. Zadanie jest o tyle utrudnione, i\u017c pr\u0105dy rozruchu osi\u0105gaj\u0105 znaczne warto\u015bci, nadwozie tramwaju porusza si\u0119 wzgl\u0119dem przewodu jezdnego, a dodatkowo przew&oacute;d zawieszony jest na r&oacute;\u017cnej wysoko\u015bci, w zale\u017cno\u015bci od r&oacute;\u017cnorodnych warunk&oacute;w terenowych (otwarta przestrze\u0144, tunele, wiadukty). <\/div>\n<div align=\"center\"><a title=\"Pantograf tramwaju PESA 120Na, jednoramienny, z rurowym przekrojem ramion\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"pantografpesa_760\" alt=\"pantografpesa_760\" src=\"https:\/\/transinfo.pl\/wp-content\/archiwum\/files2\/48404\/pantografpesa_760.jpg\" \/><\/a> <a title=\"Pantograf jednoramienny. Tramwaj HCP 123N. Opis: 1 - \u015blizgacz, 2- g\u00f3rne ramiona, 3 - przewody bocznikuj\u0105ce, 4 - dolne rami\u0119, 5 - spr\u0119\u017cyna dociskaj\u0105ca, 6 - izolatory wsporcze, 7 - kable zasilaj\u0105ce \"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"pantograf8_760\" alt=\"pantograf8_760\" src=\"https:\/\/transinfo.pl\/wp-content\/archiwum\/files2\/48404\/pantograf8_760.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div>Pantograf sk\u0142ada si\u0119 z kilku zasadniczych element&oacute;w. Pierwszy to rama, z\u0142o\u017cona z kilku segment&oacute;w &ndash;zwykle dw&oacute;ch lub jednego ramienia. Ramiona s\u0105 dwucz\u0119\u015bciowe posiadaj\u0105 przeguby. Umo\u017cliwia to zginanie si\u0119 odbieraka i dostosowanie si\u0119 do r&oacute;\u017cnej wysoko\u015bci sieci trakcyjnej, a tak\u017ce z\u0142o\u017cenie odbieraka w wypadku potrzeby od\u0142\u0105czenia pojazdu szynowego od zasilania. G&oacute;rna cze\u015b\u0107 odbieraka, stykaj\u0105ca si\u0119 z sieci\u0105 trakcyjn\u0105, to \u015blizgacz. \u015alizgacz jest szeroki i posiada nak\u0142adk\u0119 grafitow\u0105. Zwykle jest on po\u0142\u0105czony z ramionami pantografu za pomoc\u0105 spr\u0119\u017cyn, tak aby zapewni\u0107 elastyczn\u0105 wsp&oacute;\u0142prac\u0119 z sieci\u0105. W dolnej cz\u0119\u015bci odbieraka znajduje si\u0119 spr\u0119\u017cyna dociskaj\u0105ca oraz mechanizm nap\u0119du &ndash;wsp&oacute;\u0142cze\u015bnie najcz\u0119\u015bciej elektryczny. Odbierak jest zamocowany do dachu tramwaju za pomoc\u0105 izolator&oacute;w. Ca\u0142a jego konstrukcja jest w trakcie zasilania tramwaju pod napi\u0119ciem.<\/div>\n<div align=\"center\"><a title=\"Pantograf jednoramienny, tramwaj Konstal 105N2k2000\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"pantograf6_760\" alt=\"pantograf6_760\" src=\"https:\/\/transinfo.pl\/wp-content\/archiwum\/files2\/48404\/pantograf6_760.jpg\" \/><\/a> <a title=\"Pantograf dwuramienny, tramwaj Konstal 105Na\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"pantograf7_760\" alt=\"pantograf7_760\" src=\"https:\/\/transinfo.pl\/wp-content\/archiwum\/files2\/48404\/pantograf7_760.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div align=\"center\"><a title=\"Styk nak\u0142adki odbieraka z przewodem jezdnym\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"pantograf2_760\" alt=\"pantograf2_760\" src=\"https:\/\/transinfo.pl\/wp-content\/archiwum\/files2\/48404\/pantograf2_760.jpg\" \/><\/a> <a title=\"Nabie\u017cniki \u015blizgacza, zabezpieczaj\u0105ce przew\u00f3d jezdny przed wpadni\u0119ciem pod \u015blizgacz\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"pantograf3_760\" alt=\"pantograf3_760\" src=\"https:\/\/transinfo.pl\/wp-content\/archiwum\/files2\/48404\/pantograf3_760.jpg\" \/><\/a> <a title=\"Styk przewodu jezdnego z nak\u0142adkami \u015blizgacza\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"pantograf5_760\" alt=\"pantograf5_760\" src=\"https:\/\/transinfo.pl\/wp-content\/archiwum\/files2\/48404\/pantograf5_760.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div>Pantograf wypar\u0142 rozwi\u0105zania takie jak odbierak rolkowy (gorszy kontakt z sieci\u0105) oraz lira (mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 jazdy tylko w jednym kierunku). Pocz\u0105tkowo, pantograf wykonywano jako czteroramienny. Konstrukcje takie wci\u0105\u017c mo\u017cna spotka\u0107 w Polsce na kolei. Zaobserwowano jednak, i\u017c du\u017ca masa odbieraka negatywnie wp\u0142ywa na wsp&oacute;\u0142prac\u0119 z sieci\u0105 jezdn\u0105. Odbierak o du\u017cej masie charakteryzuje si\u0119 bowiem znaczn\u0105 bezw\u0142adno\u015bci\u0105. Ruch pojazdu szynowego po nier&oacute;wno\u015bciach toru oraz zmienna si\u0142a nacisku odbieraka na przew&oacute;d jezdny w miejscach kotwienia doprowadza\u0142y do drgania odbieraka i pogarszania kontaktu z sieci\u0105 trakcyjn\u0105. Stwarza\u0142o to ryzyko powstania \u0142uku elektrycznego, uszkodzenia przewodu jezdnego, jak i wypalenia nak\u0142adki odbieraka. <\/div>\n<div>Odbieraki ewoluowa\u0142y i stopniowo zmniejszano ich mas\u0119. Obecnie najpopularniejsze s\u0105 odbieraki jednoramienne, popularnie zwane po\u0142&oacute;wkowymi.<\/div>\n<div>Parametrami diagnostycznymi odbieraka s\u0105: rezystancja, si\u0142a wyst\u0119puj\u0105ca podczas podnoszenia i opuszczania oraz si\u0142a docisku do sieci trakcyjnej. Nadmierna rezystancja, zbyt du\u017ca wymagana si\u0142a przy podnoszeniu lub niew\u0142a\u015bciwa si\u0142a docisku kwalifikuj\u0105 pantograf do naprawy. <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":120703,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[26],"tags":[913],"class_list":["post-120702","infotram","type-infotram","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-przewoznicy","tag-pantograf"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.8 (Yoast SEO v23.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Pantograf tramwajowy - TransInfo Archiwum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/transinfo.pl\/x\/infotram\/pantograf-tramwajowy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pantograf tramwajowy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pantograf jest charakterystycznym elementem tramwaju. 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