{"id":127594,"date":"2013-04-16T23:08:42","date_gmt":"2013-04-16T23:08:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/transinfo.pl\/x\/inforail\/historia-deutsche-bahn-1945-1998\/"},"modified":"2013-04-16T23:08:42","modified_gmt":"2013-04-16T23:08:42","slug":"historia-deutsche-bahn-1945-1998","status":"publish","type":"inforail","link":"https:\/\/transinfo.pl\/x\/inforail\/historia-deutsche-bahn-1945-1998\/","title":{"rendered":"Historia Deutsche Bahn 1945-1998"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> Normal021falsefalsefalsePLX-NONEX-NONE<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Po wojnie wraz z podzia\u0142em Niemiec na strefy okupacyjne ZSRR, USA, Wielkiej Brytanii i Niemiec, rozdzia\u0142owi podleg\u0142a te\u017c kolej. Pocz\u0105tkowo ka\u017cdy rejon posiada\u0142 w\u0142asny zarz\u0105d kolejowy, jednak od 1949 r. wykrystalizowa\u0142 si\u0119 podzia\u0142 na Kolej Rzeszy oraz Kolej Federaln\u0105. Obie z nich stanowi\u0142y w\u0142asno\u015b\u0107 pa\u0144stwow\u0105. Wschodnioniemiecka Kolej Rzeszy by\u0142a od 1954 r. zarz\u0105dzana centralnie przez ministra transportu, jednocze\u015bnie dyrektora generalnego kolei. Kolej Federaln\u0105 prowadzono za\u015b w formie urz\u0119du z rad\u0105 nadzorcz\u0105. Zadaniem tego urz\u0119du by\u0142o prowadzenie gospodarki zgodnie z zasadami ekonomii i wype\u0142nianie &bdquo;zada\u0144 og&oacute;lnogospodarczych&rdquo;. W praktyce Kolej Federalna stopniowo traci\u0142a udzia\u0142y w pracy przewozowej, z racji na niemiecki powojenny boom motoryzacyjny i rozbudow\u0119 sieci autostrad.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">W 1957 r. Koleje Saarlandu, zarz\u0105dzane od zako\u0144czenia wojny przez Francj\u0119, w\u0142\u0105czono do Kolei Federalnych. W\u0142adze pa\u0144stwowe po raz pierwszy zadecydowa\u0142y o pokryciu cz\u0119\u015bci koszt&oacute;w dzia\u0142alno\u015bci Kolei Federalnych. Wzrastaj\u0105cy deficyt wywo\u0142ywa\u0142 dyskusje na temat konieczno\u015bci reform.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\"><a title=\"\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: DB AG\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/transinfo.pl\/wp-content\/archiwum\/files2\/55180\/hf01s221750nn55_760.jpg\" alt=\"hf01s221750nn55_760\" title=\"hf01s221750nn55_760\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">W wyniku kryzysu paliwowego w latach 70. i uruchomienia szybkiej kolei we Francji, r&oacute;wnie\u017c w Niemczech przyst\u0105piono do realizacji programu szybkich poci\u0105g&oacute;w. Pr&oacute;by prowadzono ju\u017c w latach 80., jednak regularna eksploatacja ekspres&oacute;w ICE rozpocz\u0119\u0142a si\u0119 dopiero w 1991 r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Po przemianach ustrojowych w Europie Wschodniej i zjednoczeniu Niemiec po\u0142\u0105czono te\u017c rozdzielone przez lata koleje. Powsta\u0142e w ten spos&oacute;b przedsi\u0119biorstwo otrzyma\u0142o w 1994 r. now\u0105 nazw\u0119 &ndash;Kolej Niemiecka Sp&oacute;\u0142ka Akcyjna (Deutsche Bahn AG). Utworzenie kolejowej sp&oacute;\u0142ki akcyjnej wymaga\u0142o zmiany niemieckiej ustawy kolejowej. Pierwsze lata dzia\u0142alno\u015bci przedsi\u0119biorstwa licz\u0105cego 352&nbsp;000 pracownik&oacute;w up\u0142yn\u0119\u0142y pod znakiem reform. Najwi\u0119kszym wyzwaniem okaza\u0142o si\u0119 stworzenie nowego wizerunku dla firmy, kt&oacute;ra przez lata by\u0142o cz\u0119\u015bciowo urz\u0119dem, a cz\u0119\u015bciowo przedsi\u0119biorstwem pa\u0144stwowym. <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Od 1995 r. rozpocz\u0119to remonty sieci kolejowej pod has\u0142em &bdquo;Projekty Transportowe Niemiecka Jedno\u015b\u0107&rdquo;. &nbsp;Odnowiono i zelektryfikowano odcinek Bebra &ndash;Erfurt i przebudowano &bdquo;\u0142uk Berli\u0144ski&rdquo;. <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">W 1996 r. wesz\u0142a w \u017cycie ustawa o regionalizacji transport zbiorowego. Zadania i wydatki z tym zwi\u0105zane przesz\u0142y z w\u0142adz pa\u0144stwowych na regionalne. Od tej pory regiony decydowa\u0142y samodzielnie, ile \u015brodk&oacute;w przeznaczone b\u0119dzie na kolej na ich obszarze, a tak\u017ce komu zlec\u0105 realizacj\u0119 us\u0142ug. <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">W ruchu dalekobie\u017cnym wprowadzono w tym okresie drug\u0105 generacj\u0119 ekspres&oacute;w ICE. Z zakresu wa\u017cnych projekt&oacute;w infrastrukturalnych, rozpocz\u0119to prac\u0119 nad budow\u0105 nowego Dworca G\u0142&oacute;wnego w Berlinie, kt&oacute;ry mia\u0142 sta\u0107 si\u0119 centralnym punktem przesiadkowym sto\u0142ecznej sieci transportowej. W 1998 r. otwarto now\u0105 tras\u0119 kolejow\u0105 integruj\u0105c\u0105 wschodnie i zachodnie Niemcy &ndash;lini\u0119 Berlin &ndash;Hannover. W tym samym roku mia\u0142 r&oacute;wnie\u017c miejsce tragiczny wypadek kolejowy w Eschede, kt&oacute;ry poci\u0105gn\u0105\u0142 za sob\u0105 101 ofiar \u015bmiertelnych.<\/p>\n<p> \/* Style Definitions *\/ table.MsoNormalTable{&#8222;&#8221;line-height:115%;font-size:11.0pt;&#8221;Calibri&#8221;,&#8221;sans-serif&#8221;}<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify\"> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":127595,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[26],"tags":[2759,374],"class_list":["post-127594","inforail","type-inforail","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-przewoznicy","tag-db","tag-niemcy"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.8 (Yoast SEO v23.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Historia Deutsche Bahn 1945-1998 - TransInfo Archiwum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/transinfo.pl\/x\/inforail\/historia-deutsche-bahn-1945-1998\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Historia Deutsche Bahn 1945-1998\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Normal021falsefalsefalsePLX-NONEX-NONE Po wojnie wraz z podzia\u0142em Niemiec na strefy okupacyjne ZSRR, USA, Wielkiej Brytanii...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/transinfo.pl\/x\/inforail\/historia-deutsche-bahn-1945-1998\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"TransInfo Archiwum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/transinfo.pl\/wp-content\/archiwum\/files2\/55180\/hf01s221750nn55_760.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/transinfo.pl\/x\/inforail\/historia-deutsche-bahn-1945-1998\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/transinfo.pl\/x\/inforail\/historia-deutsche-bahn-1945-1998\/\",\"name\":\"Historia Deutsche Bahn 1945-1998 - 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